*24 Apr 2014 게시
한국외대 특강: UNIDO and post-2015 MDGs
특강개요
1. 일시: 2014년 4월 17일 오후 3시
2. 장소: 한국외국어대학교 국제지역대학원 국제관 1층 애경홀
3. 목적: 유엔산업개발기구 (이하 "유니도") 서울투자진흥사무소는 "포괄적이고 지속가능한 산업발전 (Inclusive and Sustainable Industrial Development, ISID)'이라는 유니도의 새로운 비전에 대한 한국 국내 대학생들의 인식을 제고하고 더 나아가 향후 post-2015 MDGs에 ISID가 반영되어야 하는 필요성을 설명하기 위하여 동 특강을 진행하였습니다.
4. 주최기관: 한국외국어대학교 국제지역대학원
5. 참석자: 한국외국어대학교 국제지역대학원 학생 및 교수 약 100명
[국문요약]
본 특강을 통해 유엔산업개발기구와 서울투자진흥사무소의 역할과 새로운 비전인 ‘포괄적이고 지속 가능한 산업개발(ISID)’을 소개하고, 2015년 이후의(Post-2015) 새천년개발목표(MDGs)에 관련된 쟁점들을 나누는 시간을 가졌습니다.
유엔산업개발기구는 유엔의 전문기구 중 하나로서 개도국의 산업개발을 촉진하는 것을 설립 목적으로 삼고 있습니다. 유엔산업개발기구는 경제 성장, 빈곤 감축과 MDGs를 이루기 위해서는 경쟁력 있고 환경적으로 지속적 발전이 가능한 산업이 주된 역할을 한다고 보고 서로 밀접한 관련이 있는 빈곤감축, 자체 무역역량 강화 그리고 에너지환경 분야에 집중함으로써 전세계 빈곤층의 삶의 질 향상에 기여를 하고 있습니다.
또한 유엔산업개발기구는 ITPO사무소들을 통해 국제적인 네트워킹을 형성하고 있습니다. 그 중에서도 서울투자진흥사무소는 국내 기업들의 개도국으로의 투자 진출을 촉진하고 특별히 신 재생에너지를 위한 녹색기술에 기반한 기술이전을 위해 종합적인 프로그램과 사업을 진행 중에 있습니다.
작년 채택된 유엔산업개발기구의 새로운 비전인 ISID는 사회적, 경제적, 환경적 요소들을 고려한 조화로운 산업개발을 목표로 합니다. 이를 통해 모든 국가들이 경제분야에서 보다 높은 수준의 산업화를 이뤄내고 세계화된 시장을 통해 이윤을 창출하고, 산업성장으로 창출된 부를 모든 국가들과 남녀노소에게 공평하게 나누며, 경제적 사회적 성장이 환경친화적인 틀 안에서 이루어지게 하고, 개발 주체들의 연합을 통한 지식과 자원의 활용으로 ISID의 개발 효과 성을 극대화 시킬 수 있다는 교훈을 줍니다.
지난 2000년에 세워진 MDGs가 2015년 달성시한을 앞두고 Post-2015 MDGs에 대한 논의가 뜨겁습니다. 많은 사람들이 실질적인 문제해결을 위해서는 고기를 잡아주는 것에서 그치지 않고 어떻게 고기를 잡는지를 알려줘야 한다고 지적하고 있습니다. 현재 그리고 post MDG에서 ‘빈곤퇴치’, ‘교육’, ‘건강’, ‘사회적 평등’ 등의 공동 목표를 가지고 있지만 개발의제에 필요한 ‘에너지’, ‘고용’, ‘평등한 성장’, ‘물에 대한 접근성’ 등의 구체적인 의제들이 필요하고 이는 ISID가 post-MDGs에 들어가야 중요성을 시사합니다.
MDGs 협상 과정에 영향을 미치는 세가지 요소가 존재합니다. 1) 각 국가들이 다른 국가별 우선순위로 인해 MDGs 설정 시 이익이 상충되는 점을 고려해 이러한 갈등이 잘 해결되어야 합니다. 2) UN에 속해있는 국가들이 정치적으로 새로운 MDGs를 각국에 실질적으로 실행하려는 정치적 의지가 있어야 효과가 극대화될 수 있습니다. 2000년도보다 악화된 여러 국가별, 지역별 상황들로 인해 새로운 MDGs를 설정하는데 기여하기가 쉽지 않습니다. 3) 예산을 충족하는 것이 어렵습니다. 2008년 미국의 금융위기나 2012년 유럽의 금융위기를 겪으면서 각 나라들이 공적 개발원조(ODA)를 늘리는 데 보수적인 상황입니다.
위 요소들이 post-2015 MDGs의 성공을 위한 중요한 역할을 할 것입니다. 유엔산업개발기구는 ISID를 Post-2015 MDGs에 포함시키기 위해 노력 중이고. 서울투자진흥사무소도 이를 위해 전폭적으로 지원 할 것입니다.
[영문원본]
INTRODUCTION
First of all, I would like to thank Dr. Andrew Wolman for inviting me to this special lecture series and it is my honor to join this series.
Today, I would like to begin by introducing UNIDO and UNIDO ITPO Korea. And, then, I will share with you some surrounding issues of post-MDGs.
Main Body
Introduction to UNIDO’ role and mandate
Established in 1966, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) is the specialized agency of the UN that promotes industrial development for poverty reduction, inclusive globalization and environmental sustainability. This is the mandate of UNIDO.
More specifically, the organization is recognized as an “implementing” agency for its key services of technical cooperation in three key thematic areas.
First is poverty reduction through productive activities.
UNIDO believes that the private sector is a key driver of economic growth and employment creation, thus, has a central role in poverty reduction and the achievement of the MDGs.
In this thematic area, UNIDO’s services are focused on four areas: 1) business, investment and technology services, 2) agribusiness and rural entrepreneurship development, 3) human security and post-crisis rehabilitation and 4) women and youth in productive activities.
Second is trade capacity-building.
This is aimed at helping “middle-income” developing countries or economies in transition to more effectively participate in global trading.
For this, UNIDO implements its technical cooperation services in: 1) improving the competitive productive capacities for international trade, 2) quality and compliance infrastructure and 3) corporate social responsibility to support market integration of local SMEs in developing countries.
Third is Energy and environment.
UNIDO believes that industrial development should be environmentally sustainable. In other words, decoupling of industrial development from environmental pollution is always a priority for UNIDO.
In this respect, UNIDO focuses on 1) resource-efficient and low-carbon industrial production, 2) energy access for productive uses and 3) capacity-building for the implementation of multilateral environmental agreements.
In addition to these three thematic areas, UNIDO also recognizes that gender equality and the empowerment of women have significant positive impacts on sustained economic growth and sustainable industrial development as drivers of poverty reduction and social integration.
Introduction to UNIDO’s new vision
At the General Conference of UNIDO, held in Lima, Peru, last December, a new mandate of UNIDO was adopted by its member states, which is called “inclusive and sustainable industrial development” (ISID).
ISID means combination of social, economic and environmental aspects of industrial development.
ISID has four key messages.
First, through promotion of ISID, every country achieves a higher level of industrialization in their economies, and benefits from the globalization of markets for industrial goods and services.
Second, no one is left behind in benefiting from industrial growth, and prosperity is shared among women and men in all countries.
Third, broader economic and social growth is supported within an environmentally sustainable framework.
Fourth, the unique knowledge and resources of all relevant development actors are combined to maximize the development impact of ISID.
In terms of modalities of achieving ISID, UNIDO has a two-prong approach.
One is to serve as a global forum for industrial cooperation and standard-setting where UNIDO identifies state-of-art practices and encourages knowledge exchange in industrialization, related standards and industrial policymaking.
The other is to provide policy advisory and technical cooperation services.
Policy advisory services are aimed at creating conducive policy environments and building capacities in public and private institutions to support the growth of industry and related services.
The objective of technical cooperation services is technology or knowledge transfer through both north-south cooperation or south-south cooperation.
Technical cooperation services are the main expertise of UNIDO.
To deliver its services more effectively, UNIDO has extensive global networks, including field offices, including investment and technology promotion offices (ITPOs) of UNIDO.
UNIDO’s ITPO Network
Before I introduce ITPO Korea, I would like to give you a general overview of the ITPO network.
In 1986 UNIDO introduced the very first Investment Promotion Services which became the UNIDO Network of Investment and Technology Promotion Offices (ITPOs).
The role of ITPO is to act as an honest broker for investment and technology agreements between developed, developing countries and countries with economies in transition.
ITPOs are located in both developing and developed countries.
The role of ITPO in a developed country, like Korea, is to promote investment from Korea into developing countries.
For ITPOs in developing countries, their aim is to promote investment from developed countries or into other developing countries.
There are many different types of services of ITPO. However, the overarching objective is to identify business potentials for potential investors and provide them with guidance for partnership and business negotiations with local counterparts.\
Indeed, to maximize the value-added of the service, ITPOs benefit from intra-organizational linkages with other UNIDO’s worldwide Networks, including the UNIDO International Technology Centers (ITCs), the Subcontracting and Partnership Exchanges (SPXs), National Cleaner Production Centers (NCPCs) and Investment Promotion Agencies in Africa (AfrIPAnet).
ITPO Korea
Korea joined UNIDO as a member state in 1985 and established ITPO Korea 1987.
The role of ITPO Korea is to promote investment and technology transfer from Korea to developing countries with a special focus on green technology for renewable energy.
To achieve this, the office implements a comprehensive package of different programmes and projects.
First of all, it organizes investment missions for potential Korean investor companies to assist them in identifying potentials for industrial partnership with local counterparts in developing countries.
For example, currently, ITPO Korea is developing a project for constructing a biogas plant using municipal waste in Mozambique.
This is the result of a series of fact-finding missions which ITPO Korea has undertaken in order to establish contact between potential Korean investors and local ministries for business cooperation.
Second, it organizes delegate programmes to invite officials from investment promotion agencies or the like institutions to Korea.
The purpose of this programme is to facilitate their investment promotional activity in Korea directly among the potential Korean partners, identified by ITPO Korea.
Third, given its geographic importance in Northeast Asia, ITPO Korea also cooperates with ITPOs in neighboring countries like China, Russia and Japan in order to cooperate in promotion of green investment from Korea into countries in the region.
Fourth, ITPO Koreas supports Korean SMEs in major industrial cities by organizing trade and investment seminars to provide the latest business information on target countries for investment.
To this seminar, we organize a delegation of embassies of developing countries in Korea, being interested in promoting local investment opportunities in their own countries.
Surrounding issues of post-MDGs
Now I would like to discuss about some surrounding issues of post-MDGs.
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were established when the UN Millennium Declaration was adopted at the Millennium Summit of the UN in 2000. In this declaration, all the member states and many international organizations, related to the UN, committed to help achieve the MDGs by 2015.
This Millennium Declaration was initiated by the then UN Secretary-General Mr. Kofi Annan. It sets out that every individual has dignity and has the right to freedom, equality, basic standard of living that includes freedom from hunger and violence.
There are eight MDGs.
First is to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. Second, to achieve universal primary education. Third is to promote gender equality and empowering women. Fourth, to reduce child mortality rates. Fifth, to improve maternal health. Six, to combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases. Seventh is to ensure environmental sustainability. Eight is global partnership for development.
So far, there have been many channels of discussion on what will be the next MDGs after 2015.
I have prepared a slide to show comparison of the potential areas which are highlighted by these individual channels.
Many believed that, in the first MDG, the international community pointed out and well-selected what the problems are in our world: poverty, education, women, health and et cetera.
But, we were rather short of “how to solve” these issues.
Many in the international community point out that, in order to solve these issues, we have to approach it not merely giving fishes to the poor but letting them know “how to catch” fishes.
In essence, a fundamental approach should be introduced.
It is clear that the current MDGs and the projected MDGs after 2015 share some common goals such as “ending poverty”, “education”, “health” and “social equality”.
However, it is also discernible that agenda which are related to “development” are also appearing in the lists.
These include “energy”, “employment”, “equitable growth” and “access to clean water”.
To incorporate this new focus on inclusive and sustainable development into the new framework of post-2015 MDGs will not be easy.
There could be three factors influencing the process of negotiating on MDGs.
First is that individual countries may have a conflict of interests as they have different national priorities in terms of MDGs. Such conflict should be well controlled.
Second, the political will of the member states of the UN to “implement” the new MDGs should be encouraged and maximized.
Countries today are in a more difficult situation to contribute to the new MDGs, than in 2000, as they have been facing tougher problems at national and regional levels such as European financial crises, natural disasters and nuclear proliferation.
Third is to securing the budget.
As the financial crises in the U.S. in 2008 and Europe in 2012 took place, many developed countries overall have become rather reserved about expanding their ODA.
At the same time, the competition for funding, like ODA, is becoming fierce among international organizations as well. This might make countries be a bit hesitant where to give their funds.
Conclusion
To sum up, these three issues will be critical factors in determining the success of achieving the new post-2015 MDGs, regardless of what they may be.
UNIDO is focusing on its new vision which is called “inclusive and sustainable industrial development” as part of the agenda for post-2015 MDGs.
Today, we have learned that many reports emphasize development agenda which suggest the possibility of inclusion of ISID in the MDGs.
And, also, finally, I would like to emphasize that ITPO Korea is well positioned to support ISID as it is mandated to promote investment and technology transfer from Korea to developing countries.
Thank you!
